ПРОГРЕСИВНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ 3D-ДРУКУ АЛЮМОСИЛІКАТНОЇ КЕРАМІКИ ДЛЯ АЕРОКОСМІЧНОЇ ТА ОБОРОННОЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2026.01.02Ключові слова:
алюмосилікатна кераміка, муліт, корунд, 3D-друк кераміки, адитивне виробництво, реологія паст, мікроструктураАнотація
У статті проведено комплексний аналіз сучасного стану та перспектив розвитку адитивного виробництва (АВ) алюмосилікатної кераміки, зокрема муліту та корунду, та їх композитів. Розглянуто фундаментальні обмеження традиційних методів формування, такі як висока вартість оснастки (до 80% бюджету), значні втрати сировини та «геометричний детермінізм», що стримує створення складних внутрішніх порожнин та решітчастих структур. Проаналізовано ключові методи 3D-друку алюмосилікатної кераміки: екструзійний друк (DIW), фотополімеризацію у ванні (SLA/DLP/LCM) та порошкові технології (Binder Jetting, SLS). Особливу увагу приділено реологічним характеристикам паст, оптичним властивостям суспензій та механізмам рідкофазного спікання, які є критичними для мінімізації пористості та забезпечення структурної цілісності виробів для мінімізації пористості. Досліджено вплив наномодифікаторів та використання вторинної промислової сировини у підвищенні фізико-механічних характеристик виробів. Проаналізовано роль муллітизації та армування матриці голчастими кристалами у підвищенні в'язкості руйнування. Результати аналізу підтверджують, що перехід до гібридних адитивних технологій дозволяє створювати монолітні вузли для авіакосмічної галузі (лопатки турбін, форсунки), оборонного сектору (керамічна броня складної кривизни) та енергетики. Перехід до адитивних стратегій забезпечує показник використання матеріалу, близьким до 1:1, гарантуючи виняткову термічну стабільність та ресурсну ефективність у критичних умовах експлуатації.
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